Definition:
A Gothic novel, often referred to as Gothic fiction, is a literary genre that emerged in the late 18th century and gained popularity in the 19th century. It is characterized by a combination of elements that create an atmosphere of mystery, horror, and gloom. The genre is rooted in the Romantic movement and typically features settings like castles, dark forests, and decrepit mansions, along with a focus on emotional and psychological experiences. Gothic novels often explore the darker aspects of human nature and the supernatural, making them a distinct and enduring literary tradition.
Features:
Atmosphere: Gothic novels are known for their evocative and ominous settings. They often take place in isolated, decaying, and mysterious locations, such as ancient castles, monasteries, and old mansions. The setting contributes to the overall atmosphere of fear and dread.
Emotional intensity: The characters in Gothic novels experience intense emotions, including fear, terror, and romantic passion. These emotions are often portrayed in a heightened and melodramatic manner.
Supernatural elements: Gothic fiction frequently includes supernatural occurrences, such as ghosts, vampires, and other supernatural creatures. These elements add an element of the mysterious and the otherworldly to the story.
Also read; What is historical novels and its examples
Psychological complexity: Characters in Gothic novels often grapple with psychological conflicts and inner turmoil. They may experience madness, obsession, or dual personalities, making their mental states a central theme.
Villains and heroes: Gothic novels typically feature complex characters who may blur the lines between good and evil. The villain, often a Byronic anti-hero, is as central to the story as the hero or heroine.
Women in distress: Many Gothic novels feature a vulnerable and persecuted heroine who is threatened by the dark forces in the story. This damsel in distress trope is a recurring theme.
Romanticism: The Gothic genre is closely associated with the Romantic movement and frequently explores themes of forbidden love, idealized landscapes, and a fascination with the past.
Mystery and suspense: The plot of a Gothic novel is usually riddled with secrets, hidden passages, and unresolved mysteries, keeping the reader in suspense.
Examples:
“Frankenstein” (1818) by Mary Shelley- This classic novel explores themes of science, ethics, and the consequences of playing God. It features a scientist who creates a monstrous creature.
“Dracula” (1897) by Bram Stoker – The quintessential vampire novel, “Dracula” is known for its portrayal of the iconic vampire Count Dracula and the battle between good and evil.
“Jane Eyre” (1847) by Charlotte Brontë – Combining Gothic and Romantic elements, this novel tells the story of a young orphan, Jane Eyre, who becomes a governess and falls in love with her mysterious employer, Mr. Rochester.
“The Picture of Dorian Gray” (1890) by Oscar Wilde – This novel explores the consequences of a Faustian bargain, where the protagonist’s portrait ages while he remains eternally youthful.
“Wuthering Heights” (1847) by Emily Brontë – A tale of love, revenge, and the eerie goings-on at the remote Yorkshire estate of Wuthering Heights.
Also read: Dystopian novel: Definition, key aspects and examples